69b9eb42e2
delete, select & insert upgraded More utility function (node to array, arrayToNode) XMLDB special move command PHP Unit Test
448 lines
18 KiB
HTML
448 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>SimpleTest documentation for the scriptable web browser component</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docs.css" title="Styles">
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<body>
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<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
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<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
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<a href="form_testing_documentation.html">Testing forms</a>
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<a href="authentication_documentation.html">Authentication</a>
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<span class="chosen">Scriptable browser</span>
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</div></div>
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<h1>PHP Scriptable Web Browser</h1>
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This page...
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<ul>
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<li>
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Using the bundled <a href="#scripting">web browser in scripts</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#debug">Debugging</a> failed pages
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</li>
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<li>
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Complex <a href="#unit">tests with multiple web browsers</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="content">
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<p>
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SimpleTest's web browser component can be used not just
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outside of the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase</span> class, but also
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independently of the SimpleTest framework itself.
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</p>
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<p><a class="target" name="scripting"><h2>The Scriptable Browser</h2></a></p>
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<p>
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You can use the web browser in PHP scripts to confirm
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services are up and running, or to extract information
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from them at a regular basis.
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For example, here is a small script to extract the current number of
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open PHP 5 bugs from the <a href="http://www.php.net/">PHP web site</a>...
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<pre>
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<strong><?php
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require_once('simpletest/browser.php');
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$browser = &new SimpleBrowser();
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$browser->get('http://php.net/');
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$browser->click('reporting bugs');
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$browser->click('statistics');
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$page = $browser->click('PHP 5 bugs only');
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preg_match('/status=Open.*?by=Any.*?(\d+)<\/a>/', $page, $matches);
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print $matches[1];
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?></strong>
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</pre>
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There are simpler methods to do this particular example in PHP
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of course.
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For example you can just use the PHP <span class="new_code">file()</span>
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command against what here is a pretty fixed page.
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However, using the web browser for scripts allows authentication,
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correct handling of cookies, automatic loading of frames, redirects,
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form submission and the ability to examine the page headers.
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Such methods are fragile against a site that is constantly
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evolving and you would want a more direct way of accessing
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data in a permanent set up, but for simple tasks this can provide
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a very rapid solution.
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</p>
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<p>
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All of the navigation methods used in the
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">WebTestCase</a>
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are present in the <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser</span> class, but
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the assertions are replaced with simpler accessors.
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Here is a full list of the page navigation methods...
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<table><tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">addHeader($header)</span></td>
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<td>Adds a header to every fetch</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">useProxy($proxy, $username, $password)</span></td>
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<td>Use this proxy from now on</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">head($url, $parameters)</span></td>
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<td>Perform a HEAD request</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">get($url, $parameters)</span></td>
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<td>Fetch a page with GET</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">post($url, $parameters)</span></td>
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<td>Fetch a page with POST</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickLink($label)</span></td>
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<td>Follows a link by label</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickLinkById($id)</span></td>
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<td>Follows a link by attribute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getUrl()</span></td>
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<td>Current URL of page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getTitle()</span></td>
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<td>Page title</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getContent()</span></td>
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<td>Raw page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getContentAsText()</span></td>
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<td>HTML removed except for alt text</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">retry()</span></td>
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<td>Repeat the last request</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">back()</span></td>
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<td>Use the browser back button</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">forward()</span></td>
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<td>Use the browser forward button</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">authenticate($username, $password)</span></td>
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<td>Retry page or frame after a 401 response</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">restart($date)</span></td>
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<td>Restarts the browser for a new session</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">ageCookies($interval)</span></td>
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<td>Ages the cookies by the specified time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setCookie($name, $value)</span></td>
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<td>Sets an additional cookie</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getCookieValue($host, $path, $name)</span></td>
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<td>Reads the most specific cookie</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getCurrentCookieValue($name)</span></td>
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<td>Reads cookie for the current context</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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The methods <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useProxy()</span> and
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::addHeader()</span> are special.
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Once called they continue to apply to all subsequent fetches.
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</p>
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<p>
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Navigating forms is similar to the
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<a href="form_testing_documentation.html">WebTestCase form navigation</a>...
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<table><tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setField($name, $value)</span></td>
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<td>Sets all form fields with that name</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setFieldById($id, $value)</span></td>
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<td>Sets all form fields with that id</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getField($name)</span></td>
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<td>Accessor for a form element value</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getFieldById($id)</span></td>
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<td>Accessor for a form element value</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmit($label)</span></td>
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<td>Submits form by button label</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmitByName($name)</span></td>
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<td>Submits form by button attribute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmitById($id)</span></td>
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<td>Submits form by button attribute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickImage($label, $x, $y)</span></td>
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<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by title or alt text</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickImageByName($name, $x, $y)</span></td>
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<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by name</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clickImageById($id, $x, $y)</span></td>
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<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by ID attribute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">submitFormById($id)</span></td>
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<td>Submits by the form tag attribute</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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At the moment there aren't any methods to list available forms
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and fields.
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This will probably be added to later versions of SimpleTest.
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</p>
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<p>
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Within a page, individual frames can be selected.
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If no selection is made then all the frames are merged together
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in one large conceptual page.
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The content of the current page will be a concatenation of all of the
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frames in the order that they were specified in the "frameset"
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tags.
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<table><tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getFrames()</span></td>
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<td>A dump of the current frame structure</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getFrameFocus()</span></td>
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<td>Current frame label or index</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setFrameFocusByIndex($choice)</span></td>
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<td>Select a frame numbered from 1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setFrameFocus($name)</span></td>
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<td>Select frame by label</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">clearFrameFocus()</span></td>
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<td>Treat all the frames as a single page</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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When focused on a single frame, the content will come from
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that frame only.
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This includes links to click and forms to submit.
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</p>
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<p><a class="target" name="debug"><h2>What went wrong?</h2></a></p>
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<p>
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All of this functionality is great when we actually manage to fetch pages,
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but that doesn't always happen.
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To help figure out what went wrong, the browser has some methods to
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aid in debugging...
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<table><tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setConnectionTimeout($timeout)</span></td>
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<td>Close the socket on overrun</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getRequest()</span></td>
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<td>Raw request header of page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getHeaders()</span></td>
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<td>Raw response header of page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getTransportError()</span></td>
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<td>Any socket level errors in the last fetch</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getResponseCode()</span></td>
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<td>HTTP response of page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getMimeType()</span></td>
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<td>Mime type of page or frame</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getAuthentication()</span></td>
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<td>Authentication type in 401 challenge header</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">getRealm()</span></td>
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<td>Authentication realm in 401 challenge header</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setMaximumRedirects($max)</span></td>
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<td>Number of redirects before page is loaded anyway</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">setMaximumNestedFrames($max)</span></td>
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<td>Protection against recursive framesets</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">ignoreFrames()</span></td>
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<td>Disables frames support</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">useFrames()</span></td>
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<td>Enables frames support</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">ignoreCookies()</span></td>
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<td>Disables sending and receiving of cookies</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="new_code">useCookies()</span></td>
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<td>Enables cookie support</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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The methods <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setConnectionTimeout()</span>
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setMaximumRedirects()</span>,
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setMaximumNestedFrames()</span>,
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::ignoreFrames()</span>,
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useFrames()</span>,
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::ignoreCookies()</span> and
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<span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useCokies()</span> continue to apply
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to every subsequent request.
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The other methods are frames aware.
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This means that if you have an individual frame that is not
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loading, navigate to it using <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setFrameFocus()</span>
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and you can then use <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::getRequest()</span>, etc to
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see what happened.
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</p>
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<p><a class="target" name="unit"><h2>Complex unit tests with multiple browsers</h2></a></p>
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<p>
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Anything that could be done in a
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">WebTestCase</a> can
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now be done in a <a href="unit_tester_documentation.html">UnitTestCase</a>.
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This means that we can freely mix domain object testing with the
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web interface...
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<pre>
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<strong>class TestOfRegistration extends UnitTestCase {
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function testNewUserAddedToAuthenticator() {</strong>
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$browser = &new SimpleBrowser();
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$browser->get('http://my-site.com/register.php');
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$browser->setField('email', 'me@here');
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$browser->setField('password', 'Secret');
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$browser->click('Register');
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<strong>
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$authenticator = &new Authenticator();
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$member = &$authenticator->findByEmail('me@here');
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$this->assertEqual($member->getPassword(), 'Secret');
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}
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}</strong>
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</pre>
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While this may be a useful temporary expediency, I am not a fan
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of this type of testing.
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The testing has cut across application layers, make it twice as
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likely it will need refactoring when the code changes.
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</p>
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<p>
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A more useful case of where using the browser directly can be helpful
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is where the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase</span> cannot cope.
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An example is where two browsers are needed at the same time.
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</p>
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<p>
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For example, say we want to disallow multiple simultaneous
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usage of a site with the same username.
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This test case will do the job...
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<pre>
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class TestOfSecurity extends UnitTestCase {
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function testNoMultipleLoginsFromSameUser() {<strong>
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$first = &new SimpleBrowser();
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$first->get('http://my-site.com/login.php');
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$first->setField('name', 'Me');
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$first->setField('password', 'Secret');
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$first->click('Enter');
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$this->assertEqual($first->getTitle(), 'Welcome');
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$second = &new SimpleBrowser();
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$second->get('http://my-site.com/login.php');
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$second->setField('name', 'Me');
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$second->setField('password', 'Secret');
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$second->click('Enter');
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$this->assertEqual($second->getTitle(), 'Access Denied');</strong>
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}
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}
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</pre>
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You can also use the <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser</span> class
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directly when you want to write test cases using a different
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test tool than SimpleTest.
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</p>
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</div>
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References and related information...
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<ul>
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<li>
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SimpleTest project page on <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/simpletest/">SourceForge</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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SimpleTest download page on <a href="http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php">LastCraft</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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The <a href="http://simpletest.org/api/">developer's API for SimpleTest</a>
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gives full detail on the classes and assertions available.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
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<a href="expectation_documentation.html">Expectations</a>
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
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<a href="form_testing_documentation.html">Testing forms</a>
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<a href="authentication_documentation.html">Authentication</a>
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<span class="chosen">Scriptable browser</span>
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</div></div>
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<div class="copyright">
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Copyright<br>Marcus Baker 2006
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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